Which pressure is exerted by the atmosphere without considering altitude?

Static pressure is the correct concept in this context because it refers to the pressure exerted by the atmosphere at a specific point without considering the effect of altitude. It represents the pressure of the air surrounding an object, such as an aircraft, at rest relative to that object.

Static pressure is essentially the atmospheric pressure and is the force per unit area exerted in all directions. This is measured and is critical in understanding how aircraft perform, as it affects lift, drag, and other aerodynamic forces.

In contrast, absolute pressure includes the static pressure plus any additional pressure due to altitude or other factors, while gauge pressure measures the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure and may vary with altitude. Total pressure is a combination of static and dynamic pressures, also influenced by the motion of the air. Therefore, when focusing solely on the atmospheric pressure at a given altitude, static pressure is the most accurate term to use.