Which of the following is not one of the effects caused by the four propeller factors?

The four propeller factors typically discussed in aerodynamics include torque-induced yaw, P-factor yaw, and the effects of gyroscopic precession. These factors are primarily concerned with how the rotational motion of the propeller influences the aircraft's behavior, especially in terms of yaw and pitch.

Torque-induced yaw occurs due to the reaction of the aircraft to the propeller's torque; as the propeller spins, it creates a tendency to yaw the aircraft in the opposite direction. P-factor yaw arises when the angle of attack is greater on one side of the propeller compared to the other, typically during climb or descent, leading to an asymmetrical thrust that causes yaw.

Lift-induced drag generally relates to the drag produced as a result of lift generated by the wings and is not directly a result of propeller dynamics. Gyroscopic pitch stability refers to the stability of the aircraft in pitch due to the gyroscopic effect of the propeller, which can help control the nose of the aircraft during certain maneuvers.

While gyroscopic precession does relate to the propeller and its effects, it specifically pertains to how the orientation of the aircraft changes in response to forces from the spinning propeller, rather than being an effect caused by the four propeller factors that directly