What is represented by a 'V-g diagram' in aviation?

The 'V-g diagram' is a crucial tool in aviation that illustrates the relationship between an aircraft's speed (notated as 'V') and its load factor (notated as 'g'). This diagram provides pilots with essential information about the maximum and minimum limits of speed and load factor that the aircraft can safely operate under various circumstances.

On the V-g diagram, the y-axis typically represents the load factor, while the x-axis represents the airspeed. The resulting curve indicates the performance envelope of the aircraft, illustrating how much load factor can be experienced at different speeds, which is essential for avoiding stalling or structural failure during maneuvers. The diagram also highlights the positive and negative limits of load factor, helping pilots understand operational limits corresponding to various flight conditions.

This interpretation of the V-g diagram is fundamental in understanding how pilot inputs during maneuvers, like turns or pull-ups, affect the overall performance and safety of the aircraft. Thus, choice B accurately captures the essence and functionality of the V-g diagram in aviation.