What is 'form drag'?

Form drag refers to the resistance encountered by an object as it moves through a fluid—such as air—primarily due to its shape. When an aircraft moves through the air, the design and contour of its surfaces significantly affect how air flows around it. Objects with streamlined shapes allow air to flow more smoothly and reduce turbulence, leading to lower form drag. Conversely, blunt or irregular shapes disrupt the airflow, leading to increased turbulence and, consequently, higher form drag.

This distinction is essential in aerodynamics because reducing form drag plays a critical role in improving an aircraft's efficiency and performance. Understanding how form drag is influenced by the object’s shape helps in the design of aircraft to minimize drag and optimize fuel efficiency during flight.