What effect does wind shear have on flight paths during approach?

Wind shear refers to a sudden change in wind velocity and/or direction with altitude, which can significantly affect an aircraft's performance during various phases of flight, particularly during approach and landing. When an aircraft encounters wind shear during the approach phase, it can result in unexpected changes in the aircraft's altitude and speed.

When wind shear is present, especially if an aircraft encounters a downdraft, it can lead to a descent that takes the aircraft below the normal flight path. This can occur because the aircraft may initially be climbing or maintaining altitude when suddenly faced with a downward air current, leading to an unintended descent. Pilots must be keenly aware of wind shear and make appropriate adjustments to their approach to maintain safe altitude and trajectory.

Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for pilots, as it underscores the need for heightened awareness and control inputs to counteract the effects of wind shear, ensuring a safe landing.