What effect does extending flaps have during landing?

Extending flaps during landing primarily increases the surface area of the wing and enhances the airflow characteristics, thereby generating more lift at lower speeds. While this does indeed help an aircraft to maintain controlled flight during the approach and landing phases, it also leads to a significant increase in drag. The flaps change the shape of the wing, which, although improving lift, creates additional drag. This drag is beneficial during landing as it helps reduce the speed of the aircraft and allows for a steeper descent path without increasing the airspeed too much.

By designing the flaps to extend, the pilot can manage their descent rate and approach speed more effectively, ensuring a safer landing. This additional drag helps in slowing down the aircraft, aiding in establishing a stable approach and reducing the distance required to land. The characteristics of increased drag, while sometimes viewed negatively, actually play a crucial role in both safety and landing performance.