What does P-factor cause, and what is the correction method?

P-factor is a phenomenon that occurs in propeller-driven aircraft during certain flight conditions, typically when the aircraft is at a high angle of attack, such as during climb. It is caused by the asymmetrical thrust produced by the propeller blades. The blade that is descending (usually the right blade) generates more lift and, therefore, more thrust compared to the ascending blade (the left blade). This imbalance causes the aircraft to yaw to the left.

Because of this left yaw tendency, the pilot must apply opposite rudder to counteract the effect and maintain straight flight. The correction method involves using the rudder to apply pressure in the opposite direction of the yawing motion. This ensures that the aircraft remains coordinated and maintains its intended flight path.

Thus, the answer accurately reflects the behavior caused by P-factor and the appropriate method to correct for the resulting yaw, namely using opposite rudder to counteract the tendency to yaw left or right, depending on the aircraft's configuration and flight conditions.